Precautions for Safe Shipping Lithium Batteries

In a world fueled by technological advancements, the demand for lithium batteries continues to surge, powering everything from our smartphones to electric vehicles. Yet, behind the scenes of this energy revolution lies a logistical challenge — the safe and compliant shipment of lithium batteries.

Shipping lithium batteries comes with its own set of challenges, and perhaps one of the most formidable hurdles is navigating the intricate web of regulations governing their transportation. In this blog, we'll unravel the complexities surrounding the shipment of lithium batteries, exploring key pain points and offering practical measures that service providers can implement to ensure a smooth and compliant journey for these energy-packed devices. From safety concerns to documentation accuracy, each facet demands careful attention to guarantee the secure and efficient transportation of lithium batteries.

So, are you ready to navigate the regulatory maze and unlock the secrets to successful lithium battery transportation? Let's embark on this journey together.

what is Lithium Batteries?

Lithium batteries represent a pivotal force in modern energy storage technology. At their core, these batteries harness the power of lithium ions to generate electrical energy, making them a cornerstone in the world of portable electronics, renewable energy, and electric vehicles. 

Shipping lithium batteries involves the transportation of these energy-dense power sources, which play a crucial role in our modern, tech-driven world. From small consumer electronics to large-scale electric vehicles, lithium batteries are the heartbeat of countless devices. 

Classification of lithium batteries

Lithium batteries are mainly divided into several types, the two main types of which are lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion) and lithium polymer batteries (Li-polymer). These two are the main types currently widely used in various electronic devices and mobile devices.

Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion)

Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most widely used type of lithium battery. It generates electric current by the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. Lithium-ion batteries have high energy density, long life, and relatively low self-discharge rates.

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in various electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, cameras, etc. They are also widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems and other fields.

Lithium polymer battery (Li-polymer)

Lithium polymer batteries are an improved version of lithium-ion batteries. Compared with lithium-ion batteries, the electrolyte in lithium-polymer batteries exists in the form of gel or polymer, which makes them more flexible and can be designed into various shapes.

Lithium polymer batteries have higher energy density, thinner design and better safety performance. Due to their customizable shape, lithium polymer batteries are often used in devices with special shapes, such as thin batteries or flexible batteries.

In addition to lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer batteries, there are other types of lithium batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate batteries (LiFePO4) and lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S). Each type of lithium battery has its own unique characteristics and applicable scenarios, and choosing the appropriate battery type often depends on the requirements of the specific application.

how to ship lithium batteries?

Shipping lithium batteries requires careful handling due to their potential fire risk. Whether you are shipping lithium-ion or lithium-metal batteries, you should follow certain guidelines to ensure safety and compliance with shipping regulations. Here are general steps to ship lithium batteries:

1. Be familiar with the regulations and guidelines set by transportation authorities and courier services. Different carriers may have specific requirements.

2. Use original packaging whenever possible. If not available, use sturdy, non-conductive materials to prevent the batteries from being damaged or short-circuiting. For lithium-ion batteries, each battery should be individually packaged in a way that prevents short circuits. Place each battery in a separate plastic bag or use insulating tape on the battery terminals. Provide adequate padding and cushioning to prevent movement during transit.

3. Clearly label packages as containing lithium batteries. Include information such as "Lithium-ion Batteries" or "Lithium-metal Batteries" on the outer packaging. Include markings indicating whether the batteries are rechargeable or non-rechargeable.

4. Include documentation that certifies the type of batteries being shipped. This information is often required by carriers and customs. Some carriers may have specific forms that need to be completed for shipping lithium batteries.

5. Check and comply with the carrier's quantity limits for shipping lithium batteries. There are usually restrictions on the number of batteries per package and per shipment.

6. Declare the contents accurately on the shipping paperwork. Provide information on the type of batteries, quantity, and whether they are packed with equipment.

7. Some lithium batteries are sensitive to temperature extremes. Ensure that the batteries are stored and shipped within their recommended temperature range.

8. Use a carrier that is authorized to transport lithium batteries. Some carriers have specific rules and restrictions regarding the shipment of lithium batteries.

9. For large shipments, contact the carrier in advance to ensure compliance with any additional requirements.

Can you ship lithium batteries internationally?

Yes, you can ship lithium batteries internationally, but there are specific regulations and guidelines that you must follow to ensure compliance with international shipping standards and to guarantee the safety of the shipment. These regulations are in place because lithium batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries, can pose safety risks due to their potential for thermal runaway and fire.

Different modes of transportation (air, sea, land) may have specific requirements. Use sturdy packaging that protects the batteries from damage and prevents short circuits. Clearly label packages as containing lithium batteries, and include information about the type of batteries and whether they are rechargeable or non-rechargeable.

For air transport, ensure that your shipment complies with regulations specific to air cargo. Lithium batteries may be subject to additional restrictions when transported by air due to safety concerns.

Always check with the specific carrier you plan to use and refer to the regulations applicable to the mode of transportation you intend to use. Additionally, it's crucial to be aware of any updates or changes to international regulations, as they may evolve over time.

Can lithium batteries be shipped by air?

Yes, lithium batteries can be shipped by air. There are quantity limits on the number of lithium batteries that can be shipped on a single aircraft. These limits are typically based on the Watt-hour (Wh) rating for lithium-ion batteries or the lithium content for lithium-metal batteries.

Lithium batteries must be properly packaged to prevent short circuits and damage during transport. Packaging requirements include using rigid, non-conductive materials, and in some cases, placing each battery in individual packaging.

A Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods is often required for shipments containing lithium batteries.

How to choose and recycle environmentally friendly packaging for lithium batteries？

Choosing and recycling environmentally friendly packaging for lithium batteries involves considering materials, design, and recycling options. Here are some guidelines to help you make environmentally conscious choices:

Choosing Environmentally Friendly Packaging

Choose packaging materials with lower environmental impacts, such as recycled or recyclable materials. Look for options that have been certified by relevant environmental standards.

Optimize packaging design to use the minimum amount of material necessary for protection. Excessive packaging contributes to waste and environmental impact.

Explore packaging options made from biodegradable or compostable materials. These materials can break down naturally, reducing the environmental impact.

Consider using packaging that can be reused. Reusable packaging not only reduces waste but also adds value for the end-user.

Choose lightweight materials to reduce the overall weight of the packaging. This can help minimize transportation-related emissions.

Recycling Lithium Batteries and Their Packaging

Design the packaging to be easily disassembled, allowing for the separation of different materials. This facilitates recycling and reduces the need for additional processing steps.

Clearly label the packaging materials with recycling information. Include instructions on how to properly dispose of or recycle each component.

Include educational materials with the product to inform users about the importance of recycling lithium batteries and their packaging. Provide information on local recycling programs.

Consider implementing take-back programs where customers can return used batteries and packaging for recycling. Work with established recycling facilities or partner with organizations that specialize in battery recycling.

Ensure that your packaging complies with local and international environmental regulations. Some regions have specific requirements for the recycling and disposal of batteries and packaging materials.

Partner with recycling facilities to responsibly dispose of or recycle lithium batteries and their packaging. Verify that these facilities adhere to environmental and safety standards.

Consider adopting circular economy practices by incorporating recycled materials into new packaging. This helps close the loop and reduces the demand for virgin materials.

Remember that environmental considerations extend beyond the packaging to the entire lifecycle of the product. Implementing sustainable practices in manufacturing, transportation, and end-of-life disposal contributes to a more environmentally friendly approach overall.

Frequently Asked Questions about Battery Transportation

Which batteries can be shipped as non-hazardous goods?

Some batteries may cause fire or explosion during transportation, so they are classified as hazardous goods. However, the following batteries usually do not need to provide MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) and can be shipped as non-hazardous goods (but a transportation identification report is required for confirmation):

Alkaline battery

Zn-Mn battery

Carbon-Zinc battery

General dry battery

What are the dangerous goods batteries:

Lithium batteries: Most of them are Class 9 dangerous goods, and MSDS, transportation identification, and UN38.3 test reports are required. Under certain conditions (such as battery cells less than 20Wh, battery packs <100Wh), they can be handled as non-hazardous, but they must be marked and meet packaging requirements.

Lead-acid batteries: They can be handled as non-hazardous after providing MSDS and complying with IMDG Code Special Provisions SP238.

NiMH batteries: MSDS and packaging photos are required for confirmation.

Which batteries need to provide MSDS?

Lithium batteries: Usually listed as dangerous goods, MSDS, transport identification report and UN38.3 test report are required.

Lead-acid batteries: MSDS and proof of compliance with IMDG Code Special Provisions SP238 are required.

NiMH batteries: MSDS and photos of cargo packaging are required for confirmation.

Are live products considered dangerous goods?

Live products are usually divided into three categories:

Products with lithium batteries: such as watches, cameras, children's toys, etc., belong to Class 9 dangerous goods.

Products with dry batteries: such as clocks, remote controls, flashlights, etc., most dry batteries are not dangerous goods.

Products with wet batteries: such as car battery chargers, etc., contain corrosive acid or alkali components and belong to Class 9 dangerous goods.

Precautions for transporting batteries

List of dangerous goods: There are 27 types of battery dangerous goods in TDG, corresponding to 27 UN numbers.

Correct packaging and labeling: Correct packaging and labeling as required, including Class 9 dangerous goods signs, UN numbers, etc. Ensure that the packaging complies with regulations and affix the corresponding dangerous goods signs and UN numbers.

Choose a compliant logistics company: give priority to logistics companies with professional qualifications and experience to ensure transportation safety.